Chapter 2: International Peace and Security
Action 13 - We will redouble our efforts to build and sustain peaceful, inclusive and just societies and address the root causes of conflicts.
Sub-Action Initiative
Indicator and Target
Baseline Data
Sub-Action (a) Strengthen resilience and comprehensively address the drivers and root causes of armed conflict, violence and instability and their consequences, including by accelerating investment in and the implementation of the 2030 Agenda and the Sustainable Development Goals;
(a1) Address the drivers and root causes of armed conflict, violence, and instability
Increase in global Positive Peace Index Score
SDG 16.1.2 [Decrease] Conflict-related deaths per 100,000 population, by sex, age and cause
The global Positive Peace average score improved by 1% over the 2013-2022 period.
The number of civilian deaths in armed conflict skyrocketed in 2023. Between 2022 and 2023, civilian casualties increased by 72%, making it the highest increase since the adoption of the 2030 Agenda in 2015.
Sub-Action (c) Ensure that military spending does not compromise investment in sustainable development and building sustainable peace and request the Secretary-General to provide analysis on the impact of the global increase in military expenditure on the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals by the end of the seventy-ninth session.
(c1) Ensure that military spending does not compromise investment in sustainable development
Decrease in SDG financing and investment gaps
Decrease in global military expenditure
The estimated amount of annual finance needed to achieve the SDGs surged by 36% from 2015 to 2022, yet resources only grew by 22% over that period. The resulting annual financing gap has increased by 60%, up to U.S. $4 trillion.
Global military expenditure rose to U.S. $2.718 trillion in 2024, a 37% rise between 2015 and 2024. The 9.4% increase in 2024 was the steepest year-on-year rise since at least 1988.
Action 15 - We will ensure that people affected by humanitarian emergencies receive the support they need.
Sub-Action Initiative
Indicator and Target
Baseline Data
Sub-Action (a) Strengthen our efforts to prevent, anticipate and mitigate the impact of humanitarian emergencies on people in need, while paying special attention to the needs of persons in the most vulnerable situations;
(a1) Strengthen efforts to anticipate and mitigate the impact of humanitarian emergencies
Increase in countries with Multi-Hazard Early Warning Systems
SDG 13.1.1 [Decrease] # of deaths, missing persons and directly affected persons attributed to disasters per 100,000 population
As of October 2024, 113 countries reported having MHEWS, compared to only 54 countries in 2015. 69 countries reported having self-assessed their MHEWS with “limited to moderate” achievement, while 39 countries self-scored “substantial to comprehensive” achievement.
Average disaster-related mortality per 100,000 population declined from 1.62 in 2005-2014 to 0.82 during the period 2014-2023 (a decline of 49%).
Sub-Action (b) Address the root causes of forced and protracted displacement, including the mass displacement of populations, and implement and facilitate access to durable solutions for internally displaced persons, refugees and stateless persons, including through equitable international burden- and responsibility sharing, and support to host communities, and with full respect for the principle of nonrefoulement of refugees;
(b3) Implement equitable and international burdenand responsibility sharing
% of refugee population compared to country’s income
Increase in # of refugees hosted by upper and middle income countries
As of 2023, 80% of the world’s refugee population was hosted by countries that together represented only 19% of the world’s income.
As of mid-2024, the share of refugees hosted in upper-middleincome countries increased from 7% in 2009 to 37%.
Action 27 - We will seize the opportunities associated with new and emerging technologies and address the potential risks posed by their misuse.
Sub-Action Initiative
Indicator and Target
Baseline Data
Sub-Action (c) Enhance international cooperation and capacity-building efforts in order to bridge the digital divides and ensure that all States can safely and securely seize the benefits of digital technologies;
(c2) Enhance capacity-building to ensure that all States can safely and securely seize the benefits of digital technologies
SDG 17.8.1 [Increase] Proportion of individuals using the Internet
Improved gender parity in internet use
Improved rural-urban parity in internet use
It is estimated that 5.5 billion people, or 68% of the global population, used the internet in 2024, up from 53% in 2019. Despite this growth, 2.6 billion people remain offline.
As of 2024, 65% of female and 70% of male populations were using the internet.
As of 2024, 83% of urban and 48% of rural populations were using the internet.
Sub-Action (d) Continue to assess the existing and potential risks associated with the military applications of artificial intelligence and the possible opportunities throughout their life cycle, in consultation with relevant stakeholders;
(d1) Assess the existing and potential risks associated with the military applications of artificial intelligence
Risk assessment report produced on the military applications of AI
Continued discussions on AI military applications through the UN Security Council on AI, Responsible AI in the Military Domain Summit, and AI Safety Summit meetings
The High Contracting Parties to the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons organized “the Group of Governmental Experts of the High Contracting Parties related to emerging technologies in the area of lethal autonomous weapons systems” in 2024. There has not been a risk assessment report to follow.
First UN Security Council meeting on AI in July 2023 led to two new intergovernmental fora: the Responsible AI in Military Domain Summit and AI Safety Summit.